[d,52][l,57][m,1][n,1]                                                  [s,10]$(this is page i.   half-title.)$                                 [s,3][c]*venezuelan *history[]                                          [i][c]*a *comprehensive *working *bibliography[]                        [n][s,10]$(this is page ii.   leave blank.)$                            [n][s,10]$(this is page iii.  title page.)$                             [s,3][c]*venezuelan *history[]                                          [i][c]*a *comprehensive *working *bibliography[]                        [s,2][c]*john *v. *lombardi/ /  *german *carrera *damas[]               [i][c]*roberta *e. *adams[]                                             [s,2][c]*jean *hawkins *coffin/ /  *kathy *m. *waldron[]                [i][c]*robert *h. *lavenda/ /  *robert *j. *ferry[]                     [i][c]*ralph *f. *van *roy[]                                            [n][s,10]$(this is page iv.  copyright page.)$[]                        [n][s,10]$(this is page v.  dedication page.)$[]                        [s,3][c]*la *bibliografia, no solo es indice cabal e[]                  [c]irrecusable de la cultura de un pueblo, sino que[]                   [c]el estado de cada bibliografia nacional indica[]                     [c]un grado correspondiente de desarrollo[]                             [c]administrativo, por cuanto da la medida exacta[]                     [c]del aprecio en que se tienen los esfuerzos[]                         [c]personales y sociales de que es aquella[]                            [c]el registro autentico; esfuerzos que determinan[]                    [c]en su pugna el progreso o la regresion de un pais,[]                 [c]y cuyo conjunto es la nacion integra, en la[]                        [c]indiscutible integridad del alma y[]                                 [c]el cuerpo de la patria.[]                                            [s,1][a]*manuel *segundo *sanchez[]                                     [n][s,10]$(this is page vi.  leave blank.)$[]                           [n][s,3]$(this is page vii.  table of contents.)$[]                     [s,3][c]"contents"[]                                                    [r,0]                                                                   [s,4]*preface/ / ix                                                     [s,1]*general *reference                                                [i,3]*bibliographies, *guides,                                          [i,3]*historiography, *dictionaries/ / 1                                [i]*history                                                             [i,3]*general *surveys and *texts/ / 35                                 [i]*history                                                             [i,3]*pre-*independence to 1810/ / 67                                   [i]*history                                                             [i,3]*independence, 1810-1830/ / 106                                    [i]*history                                                             [i,3]*from *paez through the *federal *wars, 1830-1863/ / 144           [i]*history                                                             [i,3]*from the *federal *wars                                           [i,3]through the *gomez *regime, 1863-1935/ / 162                       [i]*history                                                             [i,3]*since 1935/ / 195                                                 [i]*bolivar                                                             [i,3]*on, *about, or *by *bolivar/ / 296                                [i]*church                                                              [i,3]*history, *missionaries, *missions, *religion/ / 325               [i]*civilization                                                        [i,3]*literature, *art, *music,                                         [i,3]*journalism, *folklore, *architecture/ / 339                       [i]*education                                                           [i,3]*universities, *schools, *education in *general/ / 386             [i]*geography                                                           [i,3]*maps, *atlases, *regional *surveys/ / 401                         [i]*petroleum                                                           [i,3]*hydrocarbons, *gas, *oil,                                         [i,3]*economic and *social *consequences/ / 418                         [i]*population                                                          [i,3]*demography, *immigration,                                         [i,3]*migration, *family, *geneology/ / 431                             [i]*urbanization                                                        [i,3]*town *foundations, *cities,                                       [i,3]*caracas, *housing, *urbanism/ / 451                               [s,1]*author *index/ / 481                                              [r,1]                                                                   [n]$(this is page viii.  leave blank.)$                                 [n]"[t, preface]"                                                       [s,10]                                                                  [i]$*introduction$                                                      [i,5]*this working bibliography provides a starting place for           the study of *venezuelan history.  *as a working bibliography,          it does not begin to cover everything ever written about                *venezuela/"s past, but it does include over four thousand items        that can serve as a beginning.                                          *politics and political history are, of course, heavily                 represented here, but so also are economics, social history,            intellectual and artistic history, and even natural history.            *none of these areas of interest are covered exhaustively, but          most are represented by a substantial collection of references.         *within this broad thematic sweep we included items                     ranging chronologically from preconquest indigenous societies           through the most recent political and social events; from               pre-*columbian artifacts through the nationalization of the oil         industry.  *as a result, if everything ever written about *venezuela    is not listed, it should be possible to find out about almost           everything ever written about *venezuela through research in the        items included.                                                         [s,1][i,5]*in a project of this kind it usually proves difficult        to establish and maintain rigidly controlled search procedures.         *our work was no exception.  *the items in this working                 bibliography came primarily from three different types of               sources.  *first, of course, were the multiple volumes of the           $*library of *congress *catalogs$ of books.  *second were the           published catalogs of major research collections in the *united         *states such as those at the universities of *texas, *california,       *tulane, *harvard, *florida; the printed catalog of the *new            *york *public *library; and the $*handbook of *latin *american          *studies$.  *third were a collection of miscellaneous sources%          publishers/" catalogs, $*libros en *venta$, private libraries, and      citations sent in by our research team in *venezuela.  *in general,     we took a permissive attitude about including items in the              bibliography.  *for example, we did not search                           for items in languages other than *english or *spanish, but            when such publications appeared, we included them.  *likewise,          we emphasized original imprints or reprints                             published since the *second *world *war and especially those published  in the last twenty years.  *but when important items occurred with      earlier publication dates, we included them.  *with very                few exceptions, however, every reference was verified                    in a printed library catalog or similar standard reference,            or it was checked against a copy of the item in question.  *by          casting our net  widely we  increased the quantity of our catch         but with the inevitable consequence of also increasing the quantity     of less useful items.  *but because one scholar/"s marginalia           is another/"s intellectual passion, we  made little effort to           weed out this collection, except to exclude pamphlets and journal       article reprints.                                                       [s,1][i,5]*we  also included unpublished dissertations                  completed on *venezuelan topics at *united *states institutions         during the last decade.  *where the title of a published work           differed substantially from the dissertation title, or where there      seemed some reason to suspect that the dissertation might differ        from a similarly titled publication, we  left the dissertation          in.  *here, as elsewhere, we  chose to err on the side of               including a superfluous item rather than excluding a useful one.        [s,1][i,5]*venezuela/"s government agencies                              delight in publishing  quantities of information                       in statistical series, in reports, in speeches, and so forth.  *but     not only does the *venezuelan *central *bank, for example, publish      excellent economic data, it also issues a fine series of historical     publications frequently unrelated to banking or economics.              *and the *national *racetrack *institute has published a series         of nineteenth-century  traveler/"s accounts.  *given                    this universal interest in history, we   included the                   historically significant editions sponsored by a wide variety of        government agencies without attempting a                                comprehensive listing of the agencies/" other publications.             *similarly, we  included the major publications                         resulting from each of *venezuela/"s republican censuses but not        every publication derived from the censuses.  *thus, the major          population counts are here; the detailed industrial and                 agricultural censuses are not.                                          [s,1][i,5]*given the enormous quantity of *venezuelan history           that has been written in periodical articles, we had to                  limit our search or this list would  have been                         swamped by articles.  *because the purpose of this working              bibliography is to help guide students to information on                *venezuela/"s past, rather than to provide a definitive list, we        excluded all articles published in *venezuelan                           periodicals.  *instead, we  listed the periodicals                     themselves and any cumulative indexes that may exist.  *other           articles on *venezuelan topics, especially those in *english and        those published in the *united *states, are listed separately.          *we did not uncover all the articles in                                 *english on *venezuelan themes, but through the $*handbook of           *latin *american *studies$ and other sources we  acquired a             significant sample of recent articles.                                  [s,1][i,5]*this working bibliography is organized by broadly            defined category and, within category, by principal author and          title.  *clearly, many works could easily have been included under      as many as three or four of these categories, but such                  a cross-listing procedure would have led to a publication much          larger than this one.  *we chose, instead, to list each item            under the most appropriate category.  *this means, for example,         that some items referring only in a peripheral way to the               period 1863-1935  will not be listed under *history 1863-1935, but      possibly under *history 1830-1863, or *history *post-1935.              *these categories, then, are broad indications of subject area,         not precise thematic classifications.  *because many students may       want to locate the works of individual authors, there is an             index  that includes all authors, or titles or institutions             listed as authors.                                                      [s,2]$*conventions$                                                     [i,5]*we adopted a series of conventions in preparing the               entries that are designed  to make the list easier to                   use and more compatible with the computer.                              [s,1][i,6][j,6]a./ / $*multiple authors$./ / *where a work has          a number of authors we  listed it under the name of the                 first author, rather than under the title.                              [s,1][i,6][j,6]b./ / $*universities$./ / *all publications              listed with a university as the author are to be found under the        name of the university.  *thus, "universidad catolica andres            bello" $not$ "caracas. universidad catolica andres bello."  *and,       "universidad central de venezuela" $not$ "venezuela.  universidad       central de venezuela."                                                  [s,1][i,6][j,6]c./ / $*periodicals$./ / *references to periodicals      published in *venezuela and to their cumulative indexes are found       under the heading ";venezuela. periodicals.;" in the *general           *reference category.                                                    [s,1][i,6][j,6]d./ / $*censuses$./ / *because the *venezuelan agency    charged with preparing the national censuses has changed names,          thus leading to a bewildering array                                    of institutional affiliations, we  brought these, and similar           statistical series, together under the author heading                   ";venezuela.                                                            statistics.;" within appropriate categories.                            [s,1][i,6][j,6]e./ / $*cross-references$./ / *where an author has       used a pseudonym or where the *library of *congress form of a           name differs from accepted *venezuelan practice, there is a             cross-reference.  *thus, "de armas chitty, jose antonio. see            armas chitty, jose antonio de".  *the cross-references are              included in the index.  *in a few cases where standard bibliographic    practice would list a work under an institutional heading but most      historicans would be inclined to look under a title heading, we          listed the item under both headings.                                   [s,1][i,6][j,6]f./ / $*government documents$./ / *we                       standardized agency and ministry names to                            conform to current terminology.  *for example, government maps and      atlases listed under "direccion de cartografia nacional" may have       been originally cataloged under "ministerio de obras publicas".  *in    these cases, the exact title of the issuing agency is preserved in      the publication information.                                            [s,1][i,6][j,6]g./ / $*library of *congress form$./ / *wherever         possible                                                                we made names and bibliographic information conform to *library         of *congress standards.                                                 [s,1]*these conventions, while appearing complex on paper, should       help students make the most efficient use of this working bibliography. *there are, however, other conventions we                               followed to make this project more easily computer compatible.          *the machine, while a boon to bibliographical projects, often           imposes its own stylistic requirements.  *in our implementation the     following conventions proved helpful for fast, efficient computer use.  [s,1][i,6][j,6]a./ / $*alphabetizing and sorting$./ / *our computer     program and printer admits none of the special characters in the        *spanish alphabet such as the $*n$, nor does it recognize the $"ch"$    or the $"ll"$ as single letters.  *similarly, there is no provision for diacritics% accents, umlauts, and the like.  *the resulting printout    is aesthetically displeasing and orthographically inaccurate, but it    will have to do.  *of the omissions, the most serious is the lack       of an $*n$, but once reasonably familiar with the literature, students  should have little difficulty reconstituting the missing marks.  *all   alphabetizing is done letter by letter, blanks and punctuation marks    are counted, and the sort sequence is as follows%                       [a]      $"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789 .,()/""$.[]             [i,6][j,6]*where there are multiple authors they are separated by an    asterisk.  *the                                                         program alphabetizes the first author $only$ and ignores                subsequent authors.  *where the first author/"s name is followed by     "ed.", or                                                               "comp.", the program treats these as part of the author/"s name.        [s,1][i,6][j,6]b./ / $*numbering$./ / *each entry has an item number.   *the numbers run consecutively from the front of the bibliography       and are the principal device for locating  references                    when using the index.                                                  [s,1][i,6][j,6]c./ / $*index$./ / *the index includes $all$ author      names, whether first or subsequent authors in multi-author works.       *but the program truncates the names if they do not fit into the        allocated number of spaces.  *the numbers following each author/"s      name in the index refer to the item numbers, not the page numbers,      where that author/"s works can be found.                                [s,1][i,6][j,6]d./ / $*special characters$./ / *the printer used        for this bibliography does not produce the question mark, the           quotation mark, and similar special characters.  *the question          mark and other  punctuation such as the semi-colon and the colon        have been replaced with periods.  *the quotation mark has been          replaced with an apostrophe.                                            [s,1][i,5]*for the technically inclined, the bibliography               was produced through a slightly modified version of "infol-2", an       information retrieval program, on *indiana *university/"s "cdc" 6600    computer.  *the *preface was prepared through a locally written text    processing program called "instep".  *the final                         bibliography printout was prepared, headlines and page numbers          added, and the file renumbered through simple *fortran programs         written by *john *v. *lombardi.                                         [s,2][c]*        *        *[]                                           [s,2][i]$*acknowledgments$                                              [i,5]*any work of this kind must necessarily depend on the efforts      of many individuals and the support of a variety of institutions.       *although it would be impossible to list everyone                       who contributed to this project, some of them can be acknowledged here. [s,1][i,5]*this working bibliography became possible in the first       instance through a project entitled *;*the *formation, *structure,      and *dynamics of a *primate *city%  *a *case *study of *caracas,        1560-1960*;                                                             under the joint direction of *john *v. *lombardi /[*department of       *history, *indiana *university ("iu")/] and *german *carrera *damas     /[*centro de *estudios del *desarrollo ("cendes"), *universidad         *central de *venezuela/].  *funded by "cendes" and the *midwest         *universities *consortium on *international *activities                 ("mucia"),                                                              the project completed its first phase (1974-1976) in *may of 1976.      *this bibliography is one of the project/"s first products and owes     its                                                                     existence to the support supplied from the "mucia" portion of the       project budget.  *kathy *m. *waldron, *robert *h. *lavenda,             *robert *j. *ferry, and *ralph *f. *van *roy, all project researchers   in *caracas during the first phase, provided us with invaluable         assistance in the compilation of this work.  *jean *hawkins *coffin     worked closely with the bibliographic search at *indiana *university    and provided us with greatly appreciated advice on bibliographic        sources and conventions.  *most of the search and all of the            data preparation took place at the *indiana *university *library and    the *i*u *wrubel *computing *center.                                    [s,1][i,5]*roberta *e. *adams did the major portion of the search,      prepared the data file, managed the computer files, and in general      handled the day-to-day supervision of the project.  *without her        contribution and expertise there would be no bibliography.  *although   the bibliography part of the "mucia-cendes" project was managed under   my direction at *indiana *university, we benefited greatly from the     contributions of our "cendes" project director, *german *carrera        *damas, who supervised our activities in *caracas.                      [s,1][i,5]*in *venezuela, many individuals and institutions             cooperated on various aspects of this work.  *the *fundacion            *john *boulton, through its *director, *manuel *perez *vila,            offered                                                                 us the use of that institution/"s excellent library.  *at               the *academia *nacional de la *historia, *carlos *felice *cardot,       that institution/"s secretary, gave us valuable assistance.  *jose      *antonio *de *armas *chitty let us inspect his excellent private        library.  *other institutions providing us with copies of their         publications or catalogs were the *sociedad *bolivariana, the           *archivo *general de la *nacion, the *presidencia de la                 *republica, the *biblioteca *nacional, and the *universidad *central    de *venezuela, among others.  *finally,                                 without the enthusiastic and generous collaboration of *pedro *grases,  whose outstanding private library is a *venezuelanist bibliophile/"s    mecca, this bibliography would have been significantly less             comprehensive                                                           and complete than it is.                                                [s,1][i,5]*in the *united *states at *indiana *university we have       enjoyed strong support.  *george *m. *wilson, *dean of                  *international *programs and chief liason with "mucia", has               encouraged us in this project, helping                                us survive crises and difficulties.  *richard *c. *burke, *director     of the "iu" *latin *american *studies *program, gave us his support     and lent us the services of his office, especially the excellent        managerial skills of the *latin *american *studies *secretary, *judith  / / / *lucas.  *mary *b. *floyd of the "iu" *history *department        provided us with important bibliographical information.  *in the        "iu" *main                                                              *library, *emma *c. *simonson, *latin *american *librarian,             patiently answered a                                                     never-ending stream of questions.  *her good advice and wise           counsel                                                                 greatly improved the final version of this bibliography.                *we relied heavily on *jean *nakhnikian of the "iu" *wrubel             *computing *center, who maintained and modified                         the program used for this project.                                      [s,1][i,5]*the assistance, advice, and hard work of these people and    institutions, plus the contributions of others too numerous to mention  here, made it possible to compile this working bibliography.  *without  them, we could hardly have begun.                                       [s,2]*john *v. *lombardi                                                [i]*bloomington, *indiana                                               [i]*july 1976                                                           [n][s,10]$(this is page xvi.  leave blank.)$