Intercollegiate Sports in America, 1900-2015
 

Spring 2014

Tuesday 4-6 and online

Home Page at: http://jvl250.com/his15/his15/index.html

The Income and Expenses of College Athletics

Required Reading
Read at least two in addition to the required items.

Lombardi, et al. The Sports Imperative in America's Research Universities (University of Florida, 2003).

Frank Hodge and Lloyd Tanlu. "Finances and College Athletics," New Directions for Institutional Research (2009).

Welch Suggs. "Old Challenges and New Opportunities for Studying the Financial Aspects of Intercollegiate Athletics," New Directions for Institutional Research (2009).

Finding the Money to Compete

1. Welch Suggs. "Minnesota's Golden Gophers Face a Financial Hole," The Chronicle of Higher Education, February 7, 2002.
2. Current and Future Financial Challenges in Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Minnesota, 2002.
3. Intercollegiate Athletics at Rice University, 2004.
4. Welch Suggs. "Rice U. Considers Major Changes in Athletics as Report Identifies Host of Problems," The Chronicle of Higher Education, May 6, 2004.
5. Katie Thomas. "Rising Criticism as Rutgers Invests in Athletics," The New York Times, October 18, 2008.
6. Peter Applebome. "Lure of Big-Time Sports Propels Rutgers," The New York Times, October 19, 2008.
7. Welch Suggs. "Making Money--or Not--on College Sports," New Directions for Institutional Research (2009).
8. Doug Lederman. "Bad Time for Sports Overspending [Berkeley]," Inside Higher Ed, October 30, 2009.
9. David Moltz. "Seething Over Sports Subsidies," Inside Higher Ed, May 20, 2010.
10. "Report of the Chancellor's Committee on Intercollegiate Athletics [Berkeley]," July 6, 2010.
11. Curtis Eichelberger and Oliver Staley. "Rutgers Boosting Athletics at Expense of Academics Fails to Emulate Texas," Bloomberg, August 16, 2011.
    See also the related information from the same issue at:
    --- "Bloomberg Rankings, Public University Football Funding"
    --- "Bloomberg Rankings, Public University Sports Subsidies,"
    --- "Rutgers NCAA Finance Report,"
    --- "Rutgers AD Contract,"
    --- "Rutgers Football Coach Contract,"
    --- "Rutgers Women's Basketball Coach Contract."
12. Jarrett Renshaw, "Despite Success on the Field, Big-spending Rutgers Athletics Saddled with Its Largest Deficit Ever," NJ.com, December 11, 2011.
13. "Rutgers Football Flunks Profit Test As Students Must Pay $1,000," Bloomberg.com, May 2, 2012.
14. "Rutgers Football -----, [Table] Student Fees Appropriated to Athletics."
15. "Rutgers Football -----, [Table] University Funds Appropriated to Athletics."
16. Bill Pennington, "Big Dream, Rude Awakening," The New York Times, December 30, 2012.
17. Adam Himmelsbach, "Endowments Grow From Chalkboards to the Sidelines," The New York Times, August 27, 2012.
18. Mara Gay, "A Financial Hail Mary: Some Colleges Think Big-time Football Is Their Solution," The Daily, November 21, 2012.
19. Anderson, Michael L. "The Benefits of College Athletic Success: An Application of the Propensity Score Design with Instrumental Variables," National Bureau of Economic Research, W18196, June 2012.
20. Kelly Huang and Marlene A. Dixon, "Examining the Financial Impact of Alcohol Sales on Football Game Days: A Case Study of a Major Football Program," Journal of Sport Management (27:2013).
21. Yong Jae Ko, Yong Chae Rhee, Mathew Walker, and Jeoung-Hak Lee, "What Motivates Donors to Athletic Programs: A New Model of Donor Behavior," Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly (43:2014).
22. Ben Strauss and Zach Schonbrun, "It's a Game of Spiraling Costs, So a College Tosses Out Football," [Univ Alabama Burmingham] The New York Times December 2, 2014.

When the Economy Goes Bad

1. Robert A. Baade, Robert W. Baumann and Victor A. Matheson. "Assessing the Economic Impact of College Football Games on Local Economies," Journal of Sports Economics (2008).
2. Joe Drape and Thayer Evans. "Financial Straits of Boosters Hit Athletic Programs," New York Times, October 21, 2008.
3. "College Sports Try to Fend Off Blitz From Economy," Associated Press--New York Times, November 15, 2008.
4. Libby Sander. "Athletics Programs Scramble to Streamline Budgets in Difficult Times," The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 30, 2009.
5. Brad Wolverton. "For Athletics, a Billion-Dollar Goal Line," The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 23, 2009.
6. Josh Keller. "For Berkeley's Sports Endowment, a Goal of $1-Billion," The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 23, 2009.
7. "Fund Raising for Athletics in 6 Major Conferences," The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 23, 2009.
8. Libby Sander. "Recession Clouds Future of Stanford's Storied Sports," The Chronicle of Higher Education, November 13, 2009.

Operating the Programs

1. Welch Suggs. "Football's Have-Nots Contemplate Their Place in the NCAA," The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 30, 2000.
2. Welch Suggs. "Revenues and Expenses Continue to Rise for Athletics Departments, NCAA Finds," The Chronicle of Higher Education, November 7, 2000.
3. Welch Suggs. "Female Athletes Thrive, but Budget Pressures Loom," The Chronicle of Higher Education, May 18, 2001.
4. Welch Suggs. "The Struggle to Stay Competitive in a Big-Time Conference, " The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 22, 2001.
5. Welch Suggs. "How Gears Turn at a Sports Factory," The Chronicle of Higher Education, November 25, 2002.
6. Michael Sokolove. "Football Is a Sucker's Game," The New York Times, December 22, 2002.
7. Welch Suggs. "In Football, the Have-Nots Clash With the Haves," The Chronicle of Higher Education, September 5, 2003.
8. Selena Roberts. "Big Boosters Calling the Shots on Campus," The New York Times, January 2, 2005.
9. David Moltz. "No Money, No Problems?" Inside Higher Ed, May 29, 2009.
10. Jere Longman. "As Costs of Sports Rise, Students Balk at Fees," The New York Times, May 29, 2009.
11. Libby Sander, "For Pac-10's Smallest Programs, Rich TV Deal Offers a Glimpse of Self-Sufficiency," The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 5, 2011.
12. "Report of the President's Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics," University of Maryland, College Park, November 11, 2011.
13. Liz Clarke, "Maryland Commission Recommends Athletic Department Cut Eight Varsity Teams," The Washington Post, November 14, 2011.
14. John Paul Newport, "College Sports Deluxe: The Golf Team. Forget Football: At Schools Like Oklahoma State, It's the Sweetest Gig on Campus," The Wall Street Journal, November 16, 2012.
15. Steve Wieberg, Jodi Upton, and Steve Berkowitz, "Texas Athletics Overwhelms Rivals in Revenue and Spending," USA Today, May 15, 2012.

The Sweatshop Controversy

1. Welch Suggs. "Abandoning Major Sponsorship Deal, Nike Plays Hardball Over Sweatshops," The Chronicle of Higher Education, May 12, 2000.
2. Martin Van der Werf. "Anti-Sweatshop Groups Find It Difficult to Turn Campus Idealism Into Real Change," The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 5, 2001.
3. Goldie Blumenstyk. "U. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Nike Agree on $28-Million Deal With Anti-Sweatshop Clause," The Chronicle of Higher Education, October 17, 2001.
4. Mark Drajem. "Notre Dame Says No to ‘Made in China’ on Fighting Irish Goods," Bloomberg, May 17, 2011.
5. Nike-University of Florida Contract (1999).

The Tournaments and Bowl Games

1. Curtis Eichelberger. "NCAA Play in March Proving Madness without College Profit," Bloomberg, March 21, 2013.
2. Joe Drape. "B.C.S. Formula Works Just Fine," The New York Times, December 11, 2001.
3. William C. Rhoden. "At Conference Tournaments, the Colleges Major in Money," The New York Times, March 15, 2003.
4. Richard Sandomir. "College Bowl Scene Is Flush With Corporate Dollars," The New York Times, December 28, 2004.
5. Brian Steinberg. "Marketing Madness. As the TV Audience Shrinks, Ad Spending for the Big Game Climbs," The [Wall Street] Journal Report: NCAA Basketball Tournament, March 14, 2005.
6. Determining a Champion on the Field: A Comprehensive Review of the BCS and Postseason College Football US Congress, 2005.
7. James L. Swofford, Franklin G. Mixon, and Trellis G. Green. "Can a Sub-Optimal Tournament Be Optimal when the Prize Can Be Collectively Consumed? The Case of College Football's National Championship," Applied Economics (2009).
8. Itay Fainmesser, Chaim Fershtman, and Neil Gandal. "A Consistent Weighted Ranking Scheme With an Application to NCAA College Football Rankings," Journal of Sports Economics (2009).
9. Brad Wolverton, Marisa López-Rivera and Ashley C. Killough. "A Powerful League Piles Up Its Advantages," The Chronicle of Higher Education,September 4, 2009.
10. Kevin O'Malley,. "Few Are Cheerleading for a College Football Playoff," The New York Times, September 6, 2009.
11. William C. Rhoden. "Business of Game Quells Thrill [Basketball]," The New York Times, March 21, 2010.
12. Brad Wolverton. "NCAA Agrees to $10.8-Billion Deal to Broadcast Its Men's Basketball Tournament," The Chronicle of Higher Education, April 22, 2010.
13. Michael McCann. "BCS May be Unpopular, but It's Unlikely to be Deemed Illegal," Sports Illustrated, December 9, 2010.
14. Michael A. McCann. "Antitrust, Governance, and Postseason College Football," Boston College Law Review (52:517, 2011).
15. Richard Sandomir. "Pac-10 Secures Rich Deals With Fox and ESPN," New York Times," May 3, 2011.
16. LIbby Sander. "For Pac-10's Smallest Programs, Rich TV Deal Offers a Glimpse of Self-Sufficiency," The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 5, 2011.
17. Finn, Stephen. "In Defense of the Playoff System," Journal of the Philosophy of Sport, (36: 66-75, 2009).

18. NCAA Data

    The NCAA produces a number of significant and very detailed reports on financial aspects of intercollegiate athletics. These data and analyses are posted on the NCAA website as:
    Finances of Intercollegiate Athletics.

1. Lawrence M. Kahn. "The Sports Business as a Labor Market Laboratory," The Journal of Economic Perspectives (2000).
2. William H. Honan. "Do Big-Money Sports Belong in College?" Education Life, New York Times, January 7, 2001.
3. Jennifer Lee. "College Football Ticket Prices: Schools' Strategies All over the Field," Street & Smith's SportsBusiness Journal, September 23-29, 2002.
4. Welch Suggs. "At Some Colleges, Students Tax Themselves to Pay for Sports, " The Chronicle of Higher Education, April 30, 2004.
5. John V. Lombardi. "The Enemy Is Us: Cost Reduction in College Sports," Inside Higher Ed--Reality Check (2005).
6. "2-Year College to Reinstate Teams," Inside Higher Ed, July 8, 2010.
7. Ramogi Huma and Ellen J. Staurowsky, "The Price of Poverty in Big Time College Sport," National College Players Association, [nd., 2012].
8. Joe Nocera, "Let's Start Paying College Athletes," The New York Times, December 30, 2011.
9. Bachman, Rachael. "A Bloodless Look at the BCS: College Football's Convoluted Bowl System Is Bowing Out, But Is the New One Any Better?" The Wall Street Journal, August 29, 2013.

Coaches

1. Howard J. Savage, et. al. "The Coach in College Athletics," American College Athletics (New York: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1929) p. 161-189.
2. Ronald A. Smith, ed. "The Preliminary Season, Big-Time Football at Harvard," The Diary of Coach Bill Reid (Urbana: University of Illinois, 1994) pp. 1-20.
3. Eddie Yost. "What Athletics Mean to Me," Journal of Educational Sociology (1955)
4. Francis T. Cullen, Edward J. Latessa, and Joseph P. Byrne. "Scandal and Reform in Collegiate Athletics: Implications from a National Survey of Head Football Coaches," Journal of Higher Education (1990).
5. "Legal Hoops," The Wall Street Journal, July 21, 2000.
6. Jennifer Jacobson. "Female Coaches Lag in Pay and Opportunities to Oversee Men's Teams," The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 8, 2001.
7. Jennifer Jacobson. "The Perks of Coaching," The Chronicle of Higher Education, November 24, 2003.
8. Jason A. Martin. "When It Comes to Headlines, Winning Really is Everything," Newspaper Research Journal (30:4, 2009).
9. James K. Gentry and Raquel Meyer Alexander, "From the Sideline to the Bottom Line [Nick Saban and Les Miles Contracts]," The New York Times, January 3, 2012.
10. Jere Longman, "Firing a Coach, at a Price, with Little Evidence the Move Pays Off," The New York Times, November 29, 2012.
11. Adler, E. Scott, Michael J. Berry, and David Doherty, "Pushing 'Reset': The Conditional Effects of Coaching Replacements on College Football Performance," Social Science Quarterly (94:1, 2013).
12. Maxcy, Joel G. "Efficiency and Managerial Performance in FBS College Football: To the Employment and Succession Decisions, Which Matters the Most, Coaching or Recruiting?" Journal of Sports Economics (14:368, 2013)
13. Jones, Willis A. "Exploring the Relationship Between Intercollegiate Athletic Expenditures and Team On-Field Success Among NCAA Division I Institutions," Journal of Sports Economics (14:584, 2013)
14. Byrd, W. Jennings, Phillip A. Mixon, and Alan Wright. "Compensation of College Football's Head Coaches: A Case Study in Firm Size's Effects on Pay," International Journal of Sport Finance, (8:224-235, 2013).
15. Grant,Randy R., John C. Leadley, and Zenon X. Zygmont. "Just Win Baby? Determinants of NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Coaching Compensation," International Journal of Sport Finance, (8:61-74, 2013).
16. Inoue, Yuhei, Jose M. Plehn-Dujowich, Aubrey Kent, and Steve Swanson. "Roles of Performance and Human Capital in College Football Coaches' Compensation," Journal of Sport Management, (27:73-83,2012).
17. Tsitsos, William and Howard L. Nixon II "The Star Wars Arms Race in College Athletics: Coaches' Pay and Athletic Program Status," Journal of Sport and Social Issues, (36:68, 2012).
18. Yuhei Inoue, Jose M. Plehn-Dujowich, Aubrey Kent, and Steve Swanson, "Roles of Performance and Human Capital in College Football Coaches' Compensation," Journal of Sport Management (27:2012).

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